Breyonna+Chavis

====DNA sequencing is one of the most vital parts of discovering why living things/animals are the way they are and why they look the way they look. When a person thinks of DNA sequencing they should automatically be thinking about the 4 nucleotides that DNA is composed from; Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine. DNA sequencing has advanced beyond what people had imagined when it was first discovered to how it is now in 2013.**// 1) //** The people that discovered DNA in general are different from the people that discovered DNA sequencing, and there are quite a few people who had their DNA sequenced done first. //** 2) **// There are many different ways to have DNA sequenced. **// 3) //** The Human Genome project is a project that involved DNA being sequenced. DNA sequencing has surpassed the expectations of the people when it was first discovered. DNA sequencing is the methods used to find out the nucleotide bases in a DNA strand.====

** //__The 4 nucleotide bases__// **

====DNA sequencing has advanced dramatically since it was first discovered to how it is now when the scientists discovered DNA sequencing and the first few people had there DNA sequenced. In[| “Discovery of DNA: Structure and Function Watson and Crick”] Leslie A. Pray states that a Swiss chemist named Friedrich Miescher discovered DNA in the 1860’s although many believe that it was James Watson and Francis Crick. DNA sequencing has more to do with Fredrick Sanger and Walter Gilbert than those 3 because they were the ones that played a major role in the sequencing of DNA. In[| “Dr. Marjolein Kriek, First Woman to have her DNA Sequence Determined”] Christopher Coats asserts that Dr. Kriek was the first European woman to have her DNA sequenced. “Dr. Kriek joins DNA pioneer James Watson as one of the five people to have had their DNA sequence determined. Craig Venter, also a gene researcher, has had his DNA sequenced, followed by two African men.” DNA sequencing has advanced dramatically since it was first discovered by Freidrick, Watson, Crick, Sanger and Gilbert and since the first people got there DNA sequenced.====

= **//__A strand of DNA__//**=

====DNA sequencing has advanced beyond what people what some imagined when it was first discovered to now because of all the different methods to having DNA sequenced. In [|“DNA Sequencing Methods”] Theresea Philips states that there are two main methods to have your DNA sequenced. The two main ways are the Sanger (Dideoxy) and the Maxam-Gilbert (Chemical Cleavage) methods. The Sanger method is used by taking and studying a strand of DNA, it is really all about observing. The Maxam-Gilbert method isn't told in the article but it has to do with “nucleobase-specific partial chemical modification of DNA and subsequent cleavage of the DNA backbone at sites adjacent to the modified nucleotides.” In [|“DNA Sequencing Methods”]Theresa Philips also states that there are two minor way to sequence DNA. One method is the Primer Walking method. This method is used by taking large genes and sequencing them using Sangers method. Another DNA sequencing method is the Shotgun method. The Shotgun method is taking tiny pieces of a DNA strand and fixing them based on their structure, it is more hands on than the Sanger method.====

**//__DNA Sequencing__//** ** //__Me__// **** //__thod ( Maxam-Gilbert )__// ** === // **[|DNA Sequencing Method (Sanger)]** //===

====Sequencing DNA has tremendously advanced now since first discovered because of the Human Genome Project. In [|“Human Genome Project, Then and Now”] Gina Kolata asserts that the human genome project was an expensive research operation that took over 8 years to complete. The Science researchers put together many peoples DNA so that they could have an outcome of 3 billion letters in the genetic code. This would make science easier for the next generation. In[| “All about the Human Genome Project (HGP)”] it says that this was the study of Homo Sapiens (humans) and inside the body rather than a study of space and things that is out of this world. It also ensures that doctors discovered new traits and new things about human and animals alike.====

=**//__The Human Genome Project__//**= = =

====The study of DNA sequencing is incomprehensible to those of the past to modern-day people because of the people who discovered DNA and the first few people to have their DNA sequenced, all the different methods to figuring out DNA sequencing and the human genome project. The Study of DNA sequencing is important because it is what we, as human/animals are made up out of it. One day a family member, friend or yourself could want to be in the medical world or the world of science than you could know about one topic of it already. Who knows how sophisticated DNA sequencing will be in the next 100 years or even next year but one thing you can know is who are the important people that’s worlds revolved around science.====

== =**//__Graph of money spent on DNA Sequencing through years.__//**=